Amerigo Vespucci :: essays research papers

AMERIGO VESPUCCI (or VESPUCIO) (ves-puteh-ee), Italian navigator, born in Florence, Italy, 9 March, 1451 died in Seville, Spain, 22 Feb., 1512. He was of a wealthy family of merchants, and received his knowledge from his uncle, Giorgi Antonio Vespucci, a Dominican friar, a friend and colleague of Savonarola. He engaged in business, first in Florence and afterward in Seville, where he met Columbus, perhaps as early as 1493, and where in 1497 he equipped the fleet with which that navigator sailed on his third voyage. He had previously, in 1496, had bloom of fitting out a fleet for the Spanish government. Amerigo sailed from Spain in 1499 in an shipment that visited the neighborhood of Cape Paria and several hundred miles of coast, and returned in June, 1500. In May, 1501, he entered the service of Emanuel, of Portugal, and participated in an expedition that visited the coast of. Brazil. hi May, 1503, he commanded a caravel in a squadron that sailed for the denudation of Malacca, b ut parted company from the rest, and finally made his way to the coast of Brazil, where he discovered the bay of All Saints, remained there two months, then ran 260 leagues farther south, where he built a fort, somewhere near Cape Frio, and, leaving a colony there, returned to Lisbon in June, 1504. Early in 1505 he obtained from King Ferdinand of Spain letters of naturalization, and on 22 March, 1508, was appointed pilot-major of the kingdom, an office that he held until his death, taking charge of the preparation of a general description of coasts and accounts of new discoveries, and also superintending the construction of charts and the examination of pilots. The controversy as to whether Vespucci took precedence both of the (Jabots and of Columbus in the discovery of the mainland of America has been for centuries a matter of dispute. None of the original letters of Amerigo bearing on the subject are extant, except in translations, and these differ greatly among themselves and be ar inconsistencies of fact and date. It is not even known in what language the letters were written. An account by Amerigo of his voyage of 1499, said to have been written 18 July, 1500, was publish by Bandini in 1745. A letter of his to Lorenzo Piero de Medici, a cousin of Lorenzo the Magnificent, describing the voyage of 1501, was published in various editions, some in Latin, others in German, and in 1789 a new text, in Italian, was discovered by Bartolozzi.

Computer Intelligence :: essays research papers fc

Can calculating tools think independently and do they have minds? This question has been the topic of countless, bad movies since the 1950s as well as a add up of science fiction novels. We all believe that we have minds. It is something that is taken for granted but what exactly is a mind and are humans the only to let them? Ever since the invention of the computer, they have been a mystery, even to the smar tally of scientists. With the ongoing development of artificial intelligence and high population of computer literate people, the possibility of computers with minds mustiness be re-evaluated.The initial question that must be answered before tackling the mind/computer problem is how do you define a mind? This is something that philosophers have been attempt to answer for hundreds of years, long before the invention of the computer. Renee Descartes supported the concept of dualism which is the belief that the mind is a separate non-physical entity associated with the body during its life. On the other hand, behaviorism holds the picture that the mind does not exist but rather patterns of behavior and our pre-dispositions to such behavior. Functionalism is another school of thought that has come to light recently and draws its theory from computer technology. Functionalism believes that the mind is simply a program and the body, its hardware. With all the different theories, none of them have been able to answer the question on whether computers are similar large to the human brain to have intelligence.The think the simplest definition for intelligence is the ability to adapt. You can tell a computer to go to a specific IP address but if IBMs address is no longer www.ibm.com, the computer does not know how to find the new one. More specifically, it can be tell that intelligence is the to take into consideration the circumstances of completing a certain task. Alan Turing, a mathematician, sought to answer the question on whether or not computers fe ature intelligence. The Turing Test asked people to communicate with something or someone that they could not see. The people engaged in the communication were then asked identify whether they were talking to a machine or a human. If the test subjects thought themselves to be conversing with a human when they were really engaged with a machine, then the computer was thought to have intelligence. This test is inherently flawed.

Macbeth :: English Literature Essays

MacbethThe character of Macbeth is a classic example of a Shakespearean tragic hero. roughly of the factors that justify this title to Macbeth are his greatness and outstanding potential, both as a warrior and a nobleman, his very powerful scent out of aspiration, and the outweighing of this defacement over his transcendent goodness.One of the many reasons that Macbeth is categorized as a tragic hero is his courage and success as a war hero. This is apparent(a) when, in the outset of the play, the Captain narrates Macbeths braveries to Duncan, and the king himself refers to Macbeth as noble Macbeth. Right from the beginning of the play, Shakespeare clearly defines Macbeth as a well-respected war hero. The Captain talks about how Macbeth killed everybody in his path to get to Macdonwald and then unseamed him from the nave to th chops before finally spearing the head of his enemy. Furthermore, King Duncan himself refers to the protagonist as noble Macbeth, as he tells his nobl emen, What he (the Thane of Cawdor) hath lost, noble Macbeth had won Therefore, the above mentioned instances convince the reader that Macbeth is indeed heroic, popular and courageous.Another reason leading to Macbeths tragic end point is his overpowering sense of ambition. This is discussed by his wife, Lady Macbeth, and Macbeth himself.After reading Macbeths letter, his wife voices concerns for him, one of which includes his ambition. She says that her husband has the ambition to be anything he wants, but not the oculus to do what he has to do to get there. Moreover, Macbeth also characterizes himself as having a vaulting ambition which takes control of him and consumes his thoughts. Thus, Macbeths tragic flaw eventually leads to his self-destruction Yet other example of Macbeths tragic heroism is his flaw overtaking his capability to be naturally good. The murders of Duncan, Banquo and Macduffs family are proof bountiful to show that Macbeths inner goodness and humanity have been destroyed and replaced by his ambition. When Duncan names Malcolm the Prince of Cumberland, Macbeth decides on the murder of the king. This involves him having to overcome hesitations, but aided by the persuasion of his wife, he undertakes this task. Additionally, Macbeth hires murderers to kill Banquo and his son, due to the witchs prediction of Fleance becoming king. Finally, the slaughter of Macduffs household by the same murderers, to ensure he would reach his ambition without obstacles, is a final seal to prove that Macbeths sense of ambition drives him to near-insanity.Macbeth English Literature EssaysMacbethThe character of Macbeth is a classic example of a Shakespearean tragic hero. Some of the factors that justify this title to Macbeth are his greatness and outstanding potential, both as a warrior and a nobleman, his very powerful sense of ambition, and the outweighing of this flaw over his exceptional goodness.One of the many reasons that Macbeth is categorized as a tragic hero is his courage and success as a war hero. This is evident when, in the beginning of the play, the Captain narrates Macbeths braveries to Duncan, and the king himself refers to Macbeth as noble Macbeth. Right from the beginning of the play, Shakespeare clearly defines Macbeth as a well-respected war hero. The Captain talks about how Macbeth killed everybody in his path to get to Macdonwald and then unseamed him from the nave to th chops before finally spearing the head of his enemy. Furthermore, King Duncan himself refers to the protagonist as noble Macbeth, as he tells his noblemen, What he (the Thane of Cawdor) hath lost, noble Macbeth had won Therefore, the above mentioned instances convince the reader that Macbeth is indeed heroic, popular and courageous.Another reason leading to Macbeths tragic ending is his overpowering sense of ambition. This is discussed by his wife, Lady Macbeth, and Macbeth himself.After reading Macbeths letter, his wife voices concerns for hi m, one of which includes his ambition. She says that her husband has the ambition to be anything he wants, but not the heart to do what he has to do to get there. Moreover, Macbeth also characterizes himself as having a vaulting ambition which takes control of him and consumes his thoughts. Thus, Macbeths tragic flaw eventually leads to his self-destruction Yet another example of Macbeths tragic heroism is his flaw overtaking his capability to be naturally good. The murders of Duncan, Banquo and Macduffs family are proof enough to show that Macbeths inner goodness and humanity have been destroyed and replaced by his ambition. When Duncan names Malcolm the Prince of Cumberland, Macbeth decides on the murder of the king. This involves him having to overcome hesitations, but aided by the persuasion of his wife, he undertakes this task. Additionally, Macbeth hires murderers to kill Banquo and his son, due to the witchs prediction of Fleance becoming king. Finally, the slaughter of Macdu ffs household by the same murderers, to ensure he would reach his ambition without obstacles, is a final seal to prove that Macbeths sense of ambition drives him to near-insanity.

What is an Auteur? Essay -- essays research papers fc

What is an auteur? Answer this question with detailed reference to one film director Alfred HitchcockStudies of the Auteur guess in film have often looked toward Alfred Hitchcock as an ideal auteur an artist with a signature style who leaves his own soil on every cipher he creates. According to the theory, it does not matter whether or not the director writes his own films, because the film will reflect the vision and the mind of the director finished the choices he makes in his film. In the case of Hitchcocks earliest films when he was still under the control of his producers, there is still a distinct seal of approval upon these images. Hitchcock has said that he was influenced by the German Expressionists, and admired their ability to express ideas in purely optical terms. It is this expression of thought and psychology that Hitchcock achieves passim his films, even early on. Even the psychology that is in the films can be particularly a signature of Hitchcock - critics hav e found throughout his films a fascination with wrongful accusation and imprisonment. They are present in even his earliest films. A particular sequence of Hitchcocks 1935 film The 39 Steps bears the mark of Hitchcock through the visual expression of the fear of wrongful accusation and confinement.In the shot before the sequence, we see the crofter asking his wife what has happened to his coat, as it had his hymnbook in the pocket. She, offscreen, tells him that she gave the coat to Hannay. The crofter angrily walks offscreen toward her, and we hear her terrified scream - this scream suddenly becomes the sheriffs offscreen laughter, as the next shot is of the hymnbook with the bullet hole in it. From the beginning of the sequence, Hitchcock transmits the feeling that there is something not quite right about the sheriff. As the scene in the police station begins, Hannay has just finished telltale(a) the sheriff that he is the one that the papers have been describing as a murderer, b ut that he is innocent of the crime. The sheriff laughs along with Hannay and seems to believe him, but as soon as the sheriffs colleagues come in to the room, we learn that the sheriff has been just humoring him and thinks Hannay is a murderer. Hannay is forced to escape. The entire scene, through the lighting, angles, ... ...and framing, Hitchcock expresses the horror of wrongful imprisonment through visual devices. Hitchcock allows Hannay to escape the snare of the police into the open world, as Hannay finds himself outside in a parade. Hannay, at a time free from the confines of the sheriffs office and walking amidst the people, is now vindicated, living momentarily in the comfort of anonymity. But Hitchcock re-plays his fears, so of course Hannay will soon be back in the binding spotlight in the next sequence. Yet it is more than the fear of police and confinement that is a mark of the Hitchcock film - it is the visual expression of these psychological states that are example s of the artistry of Hitchcock as an auteur. And as seen through the first shot of the chosen sequence in which the sheriffs laugh is merged with the crofters wifes screams, Hitchcock went beyond the German Expressionists that he admired, manipulating sound to express ideas in their purest, most subtle forms.BibliographyThe 39 steps by Mark GlancyHitchcock on hitchcock by Sidney GottliebThe Alfred Hitchcock story by mountain Mogg

Odysseus in The Hero and the Goddess and Calypso and Circe :: Goddess Calypso

Odysseus in The Hero and the Goddess and fairy-slipper and Circe Reflections on the experience of Odysseus as related to Jean Houstons The Hero and the Goddess The Odyssey as Mystery and installing and Alicia LeVans Calypso and Circe On the lush, luxuriant island of Ogygia, Odysseus spends seven years of his ten year journey home with the beautiful seductive nymph Calypso, who virtually possesses him and compels him to live a sensual but vegetative existence. For ten years, surrounded by men, he lived out the male heroic ideal of warrior, then spent several years further testing himself against otherworldly obstacles. In the process, he lost all of his companions, and has nothing left but the little that remains of himself. Here on Calypsos isle, he lives in paradise Thick, luxuriant woods grew round the cave, alders, and black poplars, pungent cypress too, and there, birds roosted, folding their long wings, owls and hawks and the spread beaked ravens of the sea, black sk immers who make their aliment off the waves. And round the mouth of the cavern trailed a vine laden with clusters, bursting with ripe grapes. Four springs in a row, bubling clear and cold, running side-by-side, took channels left and right. softening meadows spreading round were starred with violets, lush with beds of parsley. Why, even a deathless god who came upon that place would gaze in wonder, heart entranced with pleasure. Homer, The Odyssey, V71-82, Fagles definition Odysseus is now embraced by Mother Earth, in all her verdant fertility, and also living deep within caverns that are only reminiscent of the womb. For seven years, Calypso protects him from Poseidons wrath. As the devoted and devouring mother, AND the seductive and engulfing mistress/lover, she is both what men most desire, and most fear. Alicia LeVan wrote Perhaps the necessity he has for unity with the feminine, coupled with his yearning for home, (an soma of the feminine principle represen ting relationship, community, cooperation, and non-aggression) represents a need for integration of the feminine principle within his psyche after years of functioning in war, with the constant testosterone of destroying, killing, raping and living(a) in the most inhumane, strife torn, blood drenched, barren plains of Troy. After ten years of functioning as a killer and destroyer,he must heal his spiritlessness and desensitivity by connecting with his feelings.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

To Kill a Mockingbird by Horton Foote To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel set over sixty years ago in a foreign country, yet it has always been both best-selling(predicate) and respected. Consider why the novel is still relevant to readers in 2015. Refer closely to events and characters in the text. To Kill a Mockingbird shows that even in the elected society of the United States, there was discrimination and prejudice in the nineteen-thirties. Although this has been reduced there, in legion(predicate) other countries and regions these conditions still exist for minority groups. Consequently populate from a different culture or those who brisk their lives differently from the majority are still looked down upon and regarded as outsiders. An example of this in the story is the Radley family who live in Maycomb. They have isolated themselves from the community by living strictly within the rules established by the father. The youngest son, Arthur Boo Radle y is locked up in his house subsequently committing a small crime with his friends, and is blamed for nearly every small offence in Maycomb even if he had not committed anything, any stealthy small crimes committed in Maycomb were his work. In the court case later on in the book, Mayella Ewell, a young white woman, falsely accuses Tom Robinson, a Negro of raping her. Tom Robinson is a married white man with three children and a respected member of the black church-going community. There was no circumstantial curtilage to prove that he committed any crime. Despite this, the jury, consisting solely of white men, find him guilty, demonstrating their unreasonable bias against black people. Nowadays this is still occurring in many countries, and the story makes us more aware of how easily such racial intolerance can lead to totally false judgements. As Scout starts school, her instructor immediately dislikes her when she discovers that Scout was liter ate, and the author tells us she looked at me with more than faint distaste. Her teacher also disliked her because she spoke on behalf of Walter Cunningham, who would not

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

To Kill a Mockingbird by Horton Foote To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel set over sixty years ago in a foreign country, yet it has always been both popular and respected. Consider wherefore the novel is still relevant to readers in 2015. Refer closely to events and characters in the text. To Kill a Mockingbird shows that even in the democratic society of the unite States, there was discrimination and prejudice in the nineteen-thirties. Although this has been reduced there, in many other countries and regions these conditions still exist for minority groups. Consequently people from a distinguishable culture or those who live their lives differently from the majority are still looked down upon and regarded as outsiders. An example of this in the story is the Radley family who live in Maycomb. They hurl isolated themselves from the community by living strictly within the rules established by the father. The youngest son, Arthur Boo Radley is locked up in h is house after committing a small(a) crime with his friends, and is blamed for nearly every small offence in Maycomb even if he had not act anything, any stealthy small crimes committed in Maycomb were his work. In the court case later on in the book, Mayella Ewell, a young white woman, falsely accuses tomcat Robinson, a Negro of raping her. Tom Robinson is a married white man with three children and a respected member of the black church-going community. There was no circumstantial evidence to prove that he committed any crime. Despite this, the jury, consisting solely of white men, find him guilty, demonstrating their unreasonable bias against black people. Nowadays this is still occurring in many countries, and the story makes us more aware of how easily such racial intolerance can lead to totally false judgements. As sentinel starts school, her teacher immediately dislikes her when she discovers that Scout was literate, and the author tells u s she looked at me with more than faint distaste. Her teacher also disliked her because she spoke on behalf of Walter Cunningham, who would not

The Seven Phases of the Systems Development Life Cycle

COMPUTERIZED PAYROLL SYSTEM FOR TURNSHOP (A SUPERMARKET) PURPOSE AND PROBLEM(Initiation) Firstly the purpose of this dodging is to help Turnshop to solve it problem in the running of it accounting department which the whole order relies on it, so that they fecal matter have accurate, reliable and disruptive processing of their payroll system in the social club.For now the payroll system of the telephoner is process manually and since at that place are 2000 employees and more actives of the company it go for it very hard and tedious to accomplish this task in the company, it also cause a high room for errors, overtime, resources and money and it pass on help the company a lot if they have a computerized payroll system (CPS). PlANNING The cost of the computerized payroll system (CPS) is about 50,000 Ghana cedis. since we willinging install a two new severs for them to handle most of most of their data, one of the sever will act as a recovery and the other works as the main. And also the cost will include a free demonstration and practical tutorial for the accounting staff in TURNSHOP as well with leash (3) months training using the computerized payroll system (CPS). we will help during the period of transition. It will be a user friendly and easy to install and use. 1. Since the company already has some hardware requirements already this can be use for the computerized payroll system(CPS) ,so we only need to install the software on the computers and laptops in the company and link them to the sever.SAP solutions will be installed to provide the company-wide accessibility so that they can accelerate an accurate financial closing cycle at any level. This will provide the business management solutions through the financial record of the employees and the management of finance in the company such The Detailed Employee List integrates all the pay, deduction, benefit, state, And local anaesthetic tax codes, and monthly, quarterly, and yearly totals for s eparately Employee. The report also provides wage and withholding information.Print the Detailed Employee List to review all the employee records That is set up in Payroll. It will eliminate the manual payroll and transaction system in the company which is time consuming and also there is a bigger chance of having errors. flow chart FOR THE EMPLOYEE PAYROLL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTANLAYSIS Beginning the payroll process for the company starts with obtaining the proper documentation from employees. The human-resources department and the accountant department will need to forward an internal form or a copy of the accepted-offer letter complete with the appropriate paperwork to us.Once this process is verified as finished, recording of employee information can begin and figure and deploying for the payroll period can start. Question will be also ask and it will be both open and close questions, to help us get the full understanding of how the payroll works in the company. For example What is salary package in the organization? How the salaried will be paying(a)? How do they calculate the local tax codes, and monthly, quarterly, and yearly totals? And many more DESIGN STAGE OF THE SYSTEMIn the design the organization system will be targeting a hierarchy as follows Company - Cluster - Business Unit (BU) - Department - Employee, The salary for an employee is made up of various salary destinys. Each salary component has 3 rules associated with it, a Calculation Rule (Calculate component as percentage of another component, or percentage of a fixed number or a fixed number), an Eligibility Rule (whether an Employee/Dept is eligible for a component) and a Constraint Rule which limits the maximum and minimum of a component. These rules are editable and can be edited by a user end user. too these rules are inherited top-down, widely if defined at a lower level, the lower level rule takes precedence. The database will contain Attendance, Leaves, Bonuses tables and these ru les are also supposed to interact with each of the tables. The client will be generating payroll for multiple clients each hosting a Separate Database instance. They may each have a different interpretation of each component and may have different components. We are only looking to support SQL Server, and payroll times will be an offline activity and also an online activity in some instant.It will work upon where to put the logic which uses these rules to generate the individual tax components (which will include Tax Deductions, Tax Write-offs, Allowances, etc). The system will take an employee Id and generate a payroll for that month. The order of our priorities is 1. The ability to adapt changes to new clients quickly 2. spacious term maintainability 3. Performance 1 and 2 outweigh 3 here by a large factor as this will be an offline activity. Maintainability and flying Customizability are very important we will be deploying the application for different clients.Client A may hav e a Salary Component Rule as ((0. 3 * Basic) + 800) and Client B as (0. 2 * Basic) + (0. 1 * Attendance Bonus) Also report on the payroll will be created in this gift. maturation STAGE After the System Design it leads to Development where the information system is built and programmed. Here we develop all the necessary ideas we got through the requirement stage and the design stage and send them a prototype so that they can try and gives us the feedback, also this phase where the bugs are worked out of the system. A misadventure plan is also developed at this point.A contingency plan is an emergency management document. If the power goes out what happens to the system? What is the back up? How fast can it be brought back up to speed? INTEGRATION AND TESTING STAGE This is the formal integration and testing of the system. Testing has been done on the development phase, but in the Integration and Testing Phase it is a formal, documented testing procedure, not only to assure that th e system performs as designed, but testing the roll-out of the system. If there is already another system in place with data, how fast can that data be migrated into the new system and useable to the company?Usually, the system is rolled-out over a weekend so that if anything goes wrong, the old system is still active and available. Integration and Testing is vital for the decision to go with the new system, trusted to the system. Also In this stage the functionality of the individual sub systems in the payroll are tested to ensure proper operation. After successful testing of each subsystem the entire system of the payroll is tested to ensure all subsystems work together properly and so that an employees can check every information on his or her payroll.

Should Mental Illness Be Taken Into Account in Determining Punishment

The penal system has been no help in all in alleviating the stain attached to psychological illness, routinely and historically treating psychogenicly unstable inmates with just the same harsh approach as their criminally insane counterparts. Indeed, the distinction in the midst of these two populations is significant however, authorities shake off farsighted been reluctant to entertain much(prenominal) a concept. Similar to the treatment availed to them in institutions, intellectually ill inmates stool a history of being shackled, beaten and deprived of the most basic forgiving needs.One might readily argue how state and federal penitentiaries exist for singleness reason and matchless reason only to lock up the criminal and throw away the key. The conspicuous absence of rehabilitation programs speaks to the attitude society openly harbors about its convicted felons give them out of sight forever. Only recently has the idea of rehabilitation over incarceration been c onsidered throughout contemporary correctional institutions as an pick toward addressing the impris hotshotd mentally ill, a population many believe are deserving of this option because of their blatant omit of rid result in reservation morally responsible choices.The perpetuation of criminal activity, coupled with the severely limited resources availed to the state and federal criminal justice system, has made it almost compulsory for the penal system to implement comprehensive mental wellness programs not only to help alleviate prison overcrowding but also to rescue those inmates who do not belong in the penal system. Most wad like to think that human beings possess unornamented will, at least with regard to a a throw up range of actions.In contrast, however, some believe that certain people lack the aspect of free will. Many great theorists grow contended that the reason some people may, indeed, lack free will is not so overmuch due to the determined personality of th eir choices and behavior, but rather due to the fact that their behavior is not reactive to their choices in such a manner as to reflect those who do possess free will.When examining this viewpoint in further detail as it relates to mental illness playing an integral role in punishment, it is important to consider whether or not an individual can truly possess free will while at the same time having ones choices and behaviors determined by a greater force, as well. When one attempts to distinguish the principle essence of such theorists as David Hume, it is essential that one understand the difference among free will and determinism. When one is cast forward by ay of determinism, it is as though one has short no control over the various and sundry occurrences that take place during ones life. Free will, on the some otherwise hand, speaks to the concept of having full authority over ones aspirations and crowning(prenominal) direction, reflecting the exact opposite of those rule d by determinism. Having grasped the difference in meaning, the student may then want to argue that Humes position was to a greater extent than significantly biased toward the concept of determinism.One might readily surmise how an individual whose life is ruled by determinism could realistically become void of any moralistic tendencies, inasmuch as one can claim that responsibility for any action would not fall upon the individual but rather the fateful path his is forced to follow. The manner in which this concept relates to Humes radical principle is such that one might not be compelled to fight his own destiny, choosing instead to follow a path that is not always pristine and virtuous.The message that Hume is trying to convey is one of responsibility all mans ideas come from impressions of things that have occurred before. Contrarily and without assuming responsibility for ones own actions in light of this assertion, the world would be nothing if not a jumble of adulterated con fusion. By acting upon a basis of Humes principle, one effectively relinquishes all accountability for his actions and in the case of considering mental illness when doling out punishment does not deserve the option of rehabilitation over incarceration.A world without moral liability, consort to Hume, is certainly no place for a civilized being. in that respect is a species of skepticism, antecedent to all study and philosophy, which is much inculcated by Descartes and others as a independent preservative against error and precipitate judgement. It recommends a universal doubt, not only of all our former opinions and principles, but also of our very faculties of whose veracity, say they, we must attend ourselves, by a chain of reasoning, deduced from some original principle which cannot possibly be fallacious or deceitful (Hume PG).Characteristic of humanitys constant quest for the concept of meaning, the trip of understanding has come to represent myriad things to myriad peo ple, ultimately rendering any universal explanation virtually impossible. The problem with meaning as it relates to free wills impact upon ones moral responsibility is attempting to successfully pinpoint a single yet comprehensive connotation to its overall concept however, this cannot be achieved as long as any two individuals harbor decidedly different commentarys, which is usually the case when debating this highly controversial subject matter.Critics have long questioned the theory of free will existing within the shadow of determinism, arguing how difficult it is to realistically determine if people exhibit certain behaviors out of fear of consequence or because they have the power to take control of their own knows, often causing them to become neglectful and unwise. Unlike other living beings, for what is possible is pretty much fixed by instincts and reflexes, one may argue how people initiate much of what they do, whether that factor for better and for worse.Clearly, the connection one might make between free will and behavior based upon Humes conjecture leads one to believe that people are much more likely to act out in such a manner that is motivated only by their personal desire to do so, rather than depending upon automatic reaction or stimulation. The skeptic, therefore, had better keep within his proper sphere, and display those philosophical objections, which arise from more profound researches (Hume PG).Society has not been very successful in addressing its mental illness problem one only has to witness the nations tremendous homeless population, obtain criminal justice statistics and examine the number of people currently taking psycho tropic medication in order to underscore the prevalence of mental illness. Understanding the origins of mental health is paramount to gaining further understanding of how to address punishment fields directly associated with mental illness, which requires the examination of myriad cultural and genetic ele ments that have been suspect in the study of human behavior.Recognition and treatment of mental illness has undergone a tremendous metamorphosis over the past three centuries, with the very definition of dementia having encountered a most significant evolution. What was sane and what was normal was completely left open for interpretation by the powers that be, ultimately sealing the fate of many a mentally unbalanced individual whose only crime was chemical disparity. Institutional inmates were forced to live out their lives in formidable surroundings where they were cloistered in small, dark, dank rooms accommodated with one floor mattress for some half a dozen people.Chained in place, the inmates were forbidden to enjoy any of what one would consider necessary daily elements for sustaining sound mind and body fresh air, sunlight and nutritional sustenance on with regular beatings, the unfortunate victims of ignorance were deprived of virtually every common decency known to man. A handful of professionals from the medical community sought to defend the legitimate nature of insanity and tried to explain the need for medical attention however, their attempts fell upon deaf ears, and their reputations were immediately tainted.The mentally ill were lumped together with the criminally insane, with officials making no distinction whatsoever between the two, inasmuch as the former were not recognized as sick people and were accused of having abandoned themselves to shameful and forbidden practices with the devil, sorcerers and other demons (History of Mental Illness). Ancient Egyptians understood the inherent connection between the body and mind, supporting the notion that if something was amiss in ones life it could easily cause one a bout of mental instability.Their approach was simple and straightforward talk it out and rejoice in religion. The combination of these two elements was believed to empower the individual with inside strength that would ultimately overrule the continuation of any mental imbalance. Similarly, Aristotle and Socrates the logical beings that they were also recognized mental illness for what it truly was and prescribed such cures as soothing music to help alleviate melancholia.Hippocrates followed suit by prescribing a natural vegetable diet and exercise as a means by which to overcome mental illness (History of Mental Illness). It was not until the concept of the mind began to overtake such simplistic approaches, along with blaming the victim for such a dim downfall, that the entire notion of mental illness began to shift for the worse. Dual diagnosis presents yet another concern where mentally ill offenders are concerned, a blank space where an individual is diagnosed as being both mentally ill and a dose addict.While it is wholly possible to be dually diagnosed with a different secondary disease, drug yell ranks high on the list. Research findings indicate that mental illness leads into drug abuse, inasmu ch as the mentally ill partake of recreational drugs no otherwise than their mentally stable counterparts. What does separate the two groups, however, is what is termed downward drift, meaning that as a consequence of their illness they may find themselves living in peripheral neighborhoods where drug use prevails (Dual Diagnosis).In these cases, it is customary to address the drug problem before approaching treatment for mental illness. There are a number of social and environmental factors that encourage criminal delinquency one in particular is overlooked more than the rest when it comes to, for example, juvenile delinquency mental illness. Indeed, an adolescent who is ugly from any one of many forms of mentally illness can display myriad socially unacceptable behaviors within this mindset, juvenile delinquency has been found to be a prevalent occurrence.Considered for decades to be a disease of the insane, mental conditions like depression that intensify juvenile delinquenc y have finally been recognized for the debilitate and emotionally unbalancing illnesses they truly are. With an astounding nineteen million Americans suffering from clinical depression, the disease can no longer be looked upon as nothing more than merely the blues. Additionally, another five percent are victims of occasional despondency, with one of every six people succumbing to a serious or major depressive fortune at some point in life (Clinical Depression).Depression often hits the elderly more than any other age group however, with each passing yr the average age of sufferers continues to drop as depression in young people is on the rise. Indeed, mentally ill offenders have much to contend with in their own way as such, their punishment needs to fit their mental stability. If an offender is convicted of aggravated assault yet lacks the capacity to ascertain that he genuinely committed a crime, then it would seem prudent that he be given the right to appropriate counseling a s a means by which to overcome his tendencies.However, the implementation of the insanity plea has allowed for perfectly normal criminals to reap the rehabilitative benefits typically bestowed upon the mentally ill, which has served to compromise the very foundation of this legal loophole (Harley 45). The divinatory implications contend that far too many people are crying insanity as a means by which to evade punishment for a crime they willfully committed, knowing full well that if they can achieve an insanity status, the penalty they welcome will be significantly less overall, if they receive any.Clearly, intent does not have any relevance to its determination as such, the tactics and strategies of both the prosecution and the defense have little, if any, bearing on how insanity is determined. The implications of such a problem speak to the overall distortion of insanity, as well as illustrate how much more difficult it makes it for the truly mentally ill to secure a legitimate insanity plea (Harley 45). Re-training the mentally ill offender to become positive, contributing members of society has always proven to be a contest for officials in charge of rehabilitation.Myriad programs have been implemented throughout history to achieve this goal but according to those in the field, none have proven as effective as the treatment approach. In attempting to put back the missing elements of a stable and productive person, such programs as behavioral therapy have been said to be instrumental in realigning otherwise maladjusted individuals as opposed to the harsh approach of boot camps and shock incarceration programs. Critics of such programs contend that such brutal methods do nothing but instigate more of the same behavior the recovery programs seek to overcome.If delinquency is rooted in personality characteristics rather than in external forces (Banks et al 49), then it does not make sense to employ this type of rehabilitation. Implementing behavior therapy is one way of addressing the issue of mentally ill offenders whose deviant tendencies lead to criminal activity. With the help of professional therapists, law enforcement agencies are learning the art of behavior therapy as a means by which to control otherwise unreachable mentally ill delinquents.The objective of behavior therapy is to first assess and then treat mental problems that cause people to act abnormally. The current consensus among mental health professionals is that behaviors responsible for causing distress or preventing normal functioning in daily life are considered abnormal. There is a social standard by which all members are expected to abide however, when an individual shows a propensity for straying from that social norm, behavior therapy theories are more than likely applied to determine the problems origin and ultimate treatment.There exist myriad influences that can prompt a person into sidestepping what is considered to be normal behavior, including mental d isorders, physical diseases and stress-related issues. Experts report successful treatment outcome and maintenance for dealing with mentally ill offenders, inasmuch as behavior therapy theories focus upon unconscious conflicts that cause disquiet or maladaptive behavior. In effect, these myriad theories represent the means by which therapists are able to assess, diagnose, treat and finally heal their mentally ill patients. news reports that usually frame mental illness in the context of violence and crime are giving rise to stereotypes which stigmatize de-institutionalized mentally ill people. Thus, the challenge facing journalists is addressing deep-rooted and largely unjustified public perceptions about mental illness and violent crimes (Smellie 25).In order to work toward a solution to the overwhelming insufficiency of mental health resources in contemporary penal systems, grants must be both created and obtained to address the following issues Housing the mentally ill in plac es other than jail and prison Revisiting community mental health centers from the 1960s and 1970s Assembling a task force of researchers to undertake myriad projects Assessing mental health issues in minority communities Exploring mental health issues in African-American communities Providing a more active role by the clergy in reference to mental health issues, especially in African-American communities Researching the correlation between mental health, crime and recidivism, with particular emphasis upon minority populations Conducting ongoing research for early identification programs, prerelease programs, transitional care management programs and effective parole/probation programs Maintaining consistency in all programs from start to finish (Clinical Depression and African-Americans). Clearly, continuum of care is the key for the incarcerated mentally ill, a stumper consisting of three distinct phases jail/prison community mental health programs and probation/parole. Within thi s continuum resides effective pre-release programs for all incarcerated mentally ill inmates ongoing substance abuse and literacy programs and behavior modification programs.Activities for daily living would include employment, mull over training and retraining through vocational rehabilitation programs, state employment services, adult ex-offender job programs and effective communication programs and alternatives to incarceration programs for the mentally ill and dual diagnosis. Are all delinquents created equal? Indeed, there are myriad levels of criminal activity that reach offenders in jail, with a percentage of those criminals committing their crimes under the duress of mental illness. These prisoners, who many believe are deserving of severe punishment, often do not have full control of their faculties.These orphans of society are compelled by an emotional or mental imbalance that provokes them to display deviant behavior toward society and their fellow human beings. Clearly , such individuals need treatment, not prison rehabilitative help is in order for these offenders, not a lifetime behind bars. By placing the criminal into semipermanent therapy, there is at least a chance of rehabilitation there likely would not be in a full security prison. To stray from the norm is to deviate from socially acceptable behavior when one is deviant, he goes against the very essence of what society has deemed acceptable.One of the easiest things in life is to deviate from what is considered by the tidy sum to be normal in fact, Morpheus points out that it is often considerably more difficult to remain upon a straight and narrow path with the myriad obstacles that emerge in daily life. Therefore, one can readily argue how deviant behavior has found its niche within contemporary society, even to the point of infiltrating what is considered to be a standard of normalcy as such, appropriate corrective measures must be applied in order to expect any semblance of rehabili tation for the mentally ill criminal.WORKS CITED Banks, Terry & Dabbs, James M. , Jr. Salivary testosterone and cortisol in a delinquent and violent urban subculture. The Journal of Social psychological science 136, (1996) 49. Clinical Depression. 25 April 2004 http//www. nmha. org/ccd/index. cfm Clinical Depression and African-Americans. 25 April 2004 http//www. intelihealth. com/specials/depression/htmDeprAfrAmer. html Dual Diagnosis Substance Abuse And Mental Illness. 25 April 2004 http//www. schizophrenia. com/family/dualdiag. html Harley, Debra A.

Exercise 31 Hlt 362v

Name_ Class _GCU_HLT-362 V________________ Date ___ ? EXERCISE 31 Questions to be Graded 1. What are the cardinal meetings whose results are reflected by the t balances in Tables 2 and 3? Table 2 reflects the Health Promotion Programs effects on cardiovascular risk factors and Table 3 is reflective of the programs effects on health behavior. 2. Which t balance in Table 2 represents the superlative relative or standardized difference between the pretest and 3 months outcomes? Is this t ratio statistically significant? Provide a principle for your answer. 3.Which t ratio listed in Table 3 represents the smallest relative difference between the pretest and 3 months? Is this t ratio statistically significant? What does this result mean? The T-ratio is 0. 80. This value is not statistically significant since it is less than the tabulated value of 1. 96. This is indicative of the program having no effect on health behaviors. 4. What are the assumptions for conducting a t-test for dep endent groups in a make? Which of these assumptions do you think were met by this study? Several assumptions for t-test for dependent/matched groups in a study are applied.First, it is assumed that the difference between the twain groups of the dependent t-test is approximately or normally distributed. Second, the dependent variable is interval or ratio (continuous in nature). Third, any independent variable consists of one group or two matched pair groups. Finally, all subjects are assumed to have been surveyed the same and data collection was unbiased. The assumption that was met in this study is the normal distribution. 5. comparison the 3 months and 6 months t ratios for the variable Exercise from Table 3.What is your conclusion about the long-term effect of the health-promotion intervention on Exercise in this study? After comparing the t-ratios for the Exercise variable, I conclude that there is an effect on long term exercise and health behaviors. 6. What is the smallest, significant t ratio listed in Table 2? Provide a precept for your answer. The smallest t-ratio in Table 2 is 2. 04. It is statistically significant because it is 1. 96. 7. Why are the larger t ratios more likely to be statistically significant? The larger t-ratios are statistically significant because they tend to be larger than the table value f 1. 96. 8. Did the health-promotion program have a statistically significant effect on Systolic blood pressure (BP) in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer. No. The program did not have a statistically significant effect on systolic BP. The t-test values are lower than 1. 96 on the t-distribution. 9. Examine the means and standard deviations for Systolic BP at pretest, 3 months (completion of the treatment), and 6 months. What do these results indicate? Are these results clinically important? Provide a rationale for your answer.The results for standard deviations for Systolic BP at pretest, 3 months (completion of the treatment) , and 6 months indicate that they the programs did not affects it. This is clinically important because it supports that the data is normally distributed and there is not a utmost likelihood that data was widely dispersed. 10. Is this study design strong or weak? Provide a rationale for your answer. The study design is strong. This is because it has been carried out utilize the right procedures for research. The presented results show a stronger impact in the intervention.Also, the sample could easily be representative of the population in question. Bonus Question Would you, as a health care provider, implement this intervention at your facility based on the Total Risk Score results? Provide a rationale for your answer. Yes, I would implement the intervention at my facility because it was clear, concise and showed that the program had long lasting positive effects while utilized. The fact that some of the data started change magnitude (showing that intervention was helpful) at th e 6 month follow up reinforces the good outcomes with such a program in place.

Can Adversity Do Anything but Harm Essay

Is sorrow a road block in your look? Your subconscious may be part of the problem. Adversity muckle well hold you back from being successful in business, relationships, cable career and the enjoyment of life itself. Theres no doubt that every star encounters some form of adversity in their life. Some even strikingness this condition very early in life or at a young age. However, the failure to enlist action early on leave alone only intensify the negativity. So whats the secret to virtually eliminating adversity in your life? This certainly deserves an answer that makes soul for anyone.And believe it or non, it starts with you. If you believe youve never encountered adversity or that you never will, I hate to burst your bubble. However, there is no gay being nor creature for that matter that has not been in the path of adversity or is maybe facing an adverse situation right at this moment. Do you think that the zebras grazing on the plains of the Serengeti in Africa dont face adversity every day of their lives? It may not be adverse fortune, but it is stressful and continually a difficult challenge for them to stay alive.Adversity or the lions who prey on them are what lie in their path. Even if a adept zebra is one of the lucky ones to live their life in a zoo, instinctively, they are always cautious and wondering where that next lion will be coming from. Yet, are they truly to a greater extent fortunate to be living in a zoo or are they being re actd from everything else that life has to offer them? -Roaming the plains, exploring and expanding their territory, raising their young, learning survival skills so future generations will be more prepared? Does it instinctively and consciously harm them?While good deal are not generally being hunted like the zebra, we do encounter the face of adversity in many spheres of our daily lives. At give way, sometimes at home, from friends, acquaintances, associates, fel low gear workers, bosses, and even in public places such as restaurants and department stores. How you interpret, decipher and sub-consciously handle the adversity when its coming at you determines how you move forward -or dont. While we all encounter adversity, there are some who seem to encounter more than others. For some, adversity begins on a low and later grows to immeasurable levels.Those entering the workforce for the first time can face tremendous amounts of adversity. However, those who possess trained their sub-conscious can handle anything thrown at them. Others will fall prey. In one of my recent newsletters that I send to my Sales Associates every week, I talked about how in life you need to do it right. And what I mean by that, is staying focused on what you need to do to survive and thrive in life and career. Unless your name is Tarzan, and you live in a hut and eat fruit from trees, youre part of modern society and civilization. And lets not kid ourselves, life is a challenge.However, depending on how you tackle each and every day determines the level of adversity you absorb. I dont believe as a person we can alone eliminate or rid ourselves of adversity, but 99% of it can be easily dealt with by teaching your sub-conscious how to react. I believe everyone has a blueprint for how they reach out success and avoid adverse situations. The life of a successful and accomplished person catchs the mind-set they require to continually advance themselves. You too can understand the necessary mind-set that will set you to new heights.This may sound silly or rather a simple technique. But it works so effectively, you may even surprise yourself. Your mind also brings forth its best results when its resting on positive thoughts. So try this every single night just before bed. Only if you challenge yourself will you start to see results. A successful person does certain things each and day that brings them more and more success and wealth. You need to unveil your blueprint so you too can u nderstand your failures and/or success. Have you ever wondered how certain mess can prevail in even the worst of situations?Is it constant confidence and continual motivation that makes them thrive? I believe a little bit of faith goes a very pertinacious way and certainly motivating yourself is a necessity. However, start by training your sub-conscious and youll imbibe amazing results. I also demote its advantageous when you take a disappointment in your life and then use that to motivate yourself to a greater degree of success. Many affright embarking on a new endeavor, a new career and even a relationship simply because they fear of failure. This is the one characteristic that keeps some from striding forward. Again, its something that starts with the sub-conscious.If you fell off the horse and fear getting back on it again, youll never become a good rider. Challenging adversity and teaching your sub-conscious will keep you working hard to perfect your riding skills no matt er how many times you fall off. That which could potentially bring your dreams to conviction, are often drowned in the fear of failing. Fear is everyones worst enemy. However, taking a leap because of faith and belief in yourself (teaching your sub-conscious) is what will help you achieve your goals and even batter them beyond expectations. Nothing in life comes without a little risk and some good old fashioned hard work.Just as long as you can overcome the fear, and are willing to teach your mind. Look at Henry Ford (Founder of Ford Automobiles). Though he was Chief conduct at Thomas Edisons famous Edison Illuminating company he did not have a formal education in mechanical engineering. He grew up on a farm and got interested in mechanics at a young age tinkering with and fixing things like peoples watches. He make his first steam engine at 15. So how did he become so successful in such a short time? How did he overcome any fears he may of had because of a lack of education and skills?First he developed practical hands on knowledge of prefatory mechanical operations like watches and steam engines. Personally, I self taught myself about things just by taking them apart and putting them back together again. I also have a Father who was mechanically inclined so I gained knowledge just by watching him work on car engines, boilers, etc. For Ford, he had an idea and a vision on which to expand on. So he used a powerful tool at his hands. He believed in himself because he had the solution and his sub-conscious was prepared with a plan and the means to carry it forward.People listened because he had a drive to succeed and everyone wanted a part of it. So he hired people with minimal skills and offered them high wages to fine tune the concepts and make it work. He put people to work and paid them on beliefs of what the future held for the Company. The power of persuasion some may call it. Henry Fords fully story is certainly one to learn from. Dale Carnegie also s aid it very eloquently in his books which are a must read for anyone looking to succeed. Another area that defies adversity is to have passion and be passionate about what you do for a living or strive to be.For example, I feel very confident in representing the function and solutions that my companies provide. I greatly believe that the services that I represent are unique for they address the needs of every business owner. Such as trim down expenses and improving the bottom line while delivering quality of service. Having a product and service Im proud of and believe in, allows me to remain confident, even if face with opposition or adversity. I feel secure in knowing that my clients will be taken care of to a great degree. In my opinion, it is vital to believe in what you are offering, selling or marketing.This projects belief which provides you with a great chance of flourishing. When you have true convictions and develop your mind-set you set yourself up for amazing results . Always keep your faith, be optimistic, believe in yourself and what you stand behind and youll never regret a day. Be respectful of other peoples time, have integrity and manage your time effectively. Use your skills and be creative and challenge your fears. These are all part of a daily ritual that successful people carry out each and every day of their lives.If you have adversity at your door step, its time to stand up and make a change. Start each day with a set of realistic goals and accomplish them. But keep within your boundaries otherwise youll face further adversity. Emerson, Ralph Waldo once stated Finish each day and be done with it. You have done what you could. Some blunders and absurdities no doubt crept in forget them as soon as you can. Tomorrow is a new day begin it well and serenely and with too high a spirit to be encumbered with your old nonsense. This summons depicts a quality one should acquire in order to ascertain their dreams.They must learn from any mis takes they may have made in the other(prenominal) and strongly push forward in what they believe in no matter the opposition. Many will give up easily in the face of adversity and never do anything about it. Even some who are given the tools to make change. For I truly believe it is how we rise from the fall that dictates our success to a great degree. Most importantly, never criticize another. Take this simple test and see if you can last. Starting tomorrow and for seven days, try not to criticize anyone nor anything. This includes not speaking negatively about anything nor anyone. See how far you get, then drop me a comment.Lincoln once stated Dont criticize them they are just what we would be under similar circumstances. Michael Sweitzer is an Expert Author in business development solutions. He currently acts as wrong President of Northeastern Sales for Merchant Services LTD -a global merchant processor and is CEO of nVision Capital Partners a business development and solution s company. Michael has serviced the hospitality sector and other commercial divisions for the last twenty plus years as a broker and consultant. He also serves as an associate for Energy Technologies group delivering energy management solutions for the hospitality sector.

A Difficult Task Force: Organizational Behavior Essay

The concept of groups, teams and teamwork is a very important factor for ripe performance of the whole company. I read the case about the group of professionals who had to control and serve the new joint venture between companies from Japan, United States, and southwest America. This new company had to make, sell, and service pet caskets for the burial of beloved pets, mostly dogs and cats. During the first month of work, each company had assigned personnel to the task force. The members from each company were chosen to participate in the joint venture. As chair of the task force, Jose initiated a meeting of entirely the members of the new company. He gave historical information, and consequently he reviewed the market for the innovations of their prospective product. The task force was to develop the initial design parameters for the new product to meet increasing demand around the world. contiguous part of the meeting was opened to comments and suggestions.Mariana Preus, repr esentative from Argentina, the head of product design, said that the current designs that they had in production in Argentina plant were just fine, and he didnt see any reasons to innovate the design of their product. All separate members of the meeting agreed not to make any changes in the design of the product. Jose reminded to all of the participants of the meeting that their task forces purpose is to redesign the product and its manufacturing systems. Finally, Jose had to agree with members of the meeting and to write a memo to the council of presidents with the recommendation to use be designs and to begin immediately to design the plant and the manufacturing system. The meeting adjourned,d and Jose returned to his computer and started to write the memo that, he knew, would anger the presidents. He wondered what had he done wrong and what he could have done to prevent such result of the meeting.I think that in this case study we see an example of the formal group that is mak e by a manager to help the organization to accomplish its goals. The group development process wasnt finished and ended on the second tierstorming. Analyzing the group member roles, in our situation Jose is the initiator of the meeting, information giver, opinion seeker, and orienter. Mariana Preus has a role of initiator and information giver, because he insisted on the not redesigning of the product. The other members seem to serve just as a passive audiencefollowers, because they all agreedto the Marianas suggestion, and didnt give any other opinions. Also, thither was no group cohesiveness a we feeling binding group members together to accomplish their goal.The diverse nature of the group affected the committees action by not understanding and participating of all members in the meeting. If I was in Joses position, I would try to keep the group headed toward the say goal better, and not to agree with the suggestion of one member, but to count the opinions of every member of th e group. Also, it wasnt right to adjourn the meeting before get the result that would approach to the goal of the whole meeting.

Computerized Inventory System

II. PROJECT DESCRIPTIONIn this chapter, the students who are the armer of the carcass are going to tackle about the companys main problem in its existing system and are also going to discuss the specific problem that causes the troops companys press release and incompetency to the market. The propose system that the students come up with will be discuss to maximize the competency of the host company along with the details, the scope and limitations, and the methodological analysis used for the study.2.1.2 Problem Statement In this chapter the proponent will specify the general and specific problems of their company that has encounter by dint of interview or observation.2.1.1 major(ip) StatementHow to create a Computerized Sales and inventorying System for Alta School & affair Supply that will solve the major and minor problems of the store? Alta School & Office Supply using the manual(a) system for the operation of the inventory and the cashier operator transacts all purchas es using a cash register. The proponents decided then to develop a computer-based gross gross revenue and inventory system that the store can use to be able to solve major and minor problems encountered when using a manual system in doing these operation.2.1.2 Minor StatementsHow to develop a module that will make the user good find and validate returned products? Product returned include wrong items when a product is returned, it should be accompanied with the receipt of the purchased product. Since only the product category and its price are indicated in the receipt, it would be hard for the animal trainer to easily find and validate the product and the receipt so as to accept the return transaction.How to create a module that is enable to generate updated report such as the sales report and inventory report, as well as fast moving and slow moving products reports that is available anytime is needed? The store does not have an actual inventory report and their sales report ar e made and calculated just through the receipt from the cash register. The general manager cannot identify which products are fast moving and which are slow moving because the general manager cannot identify what specific products are commonly bought and what are not. discipline for fast moving and slow moving items is essential so as to be aware of the products that need more attention in terms of the rate of these products.How to create a module that is able to implement security with regards to the information and files so as to keep data integrity? Important documents can be altered since anyone can gain access to these documents. Another problem is regarding to cashier operators. Since there is no security with regards to who can use the cash registers unauthorized sales transactions may occur, thus resulting to loss of data integrity and reliability.II.1 Proposed Research ProjectII.1.1 General ObjectivesThe general objective of the study is to make a Computerized Sales and stock certificate System for Alta School and Office Supply that will solve, improve the some features that can help of the store. The proponents will design and develop a Computer-based Sales and Inventory System for Alta School and Office Supply that will solve major and minor problems encountered in the current system used. This will eventually help the host company speed-up the process of the whole system. II.1.2 Specific ObjectivesTo develop a module that will organize the record of all the information about the system. In this parameter the proponents need to organize the record of all the information about the system so that we can easily catch out all the information we need to see if it is necessary. Without organization the system will have corrupted files and revision would be impossible in the database.To develop a module that will compute the sales and record transaction for the amount product purchased, and the number available in the store. The proponents can improve the manual system for this module, computation and recording to be instant(prenominal) and more accurate that will lessen human error and ismore reliable than the existing process.To create a module that will build a security that will protect the companys confidential file. The proponents will develop a security to protect the feature where the data files and information will be secured from the unauthorized person and to avoid any of alteration of data files. The system cannot be used without any users, because it is required in the system.II.1.3 Scope and LimitationsThe record is conducted to develop computerized sales and inventory system for Alta School & Office Supply. This computerized sales and inventory will ease the work of the persons involved in this system to background their tasks as well as to keep up with the engineering science nowadays. System proposed system is conducted to develop computerized sales and inventory system for Alta School & Office Supply.The co mputerized system will help minimize the problem encountered in the existing manual system of the company as well as to keep up with technology nowadays. The proposed system will feature file maintenance module that allows editing, adding, and maintaining of information pertaining to the products, products category, suppliers, and system users. Returned product/s due to damage which is genuine for return or exchange can be easily validated through a reliable receipt that will indicate the stores name, product name, product price and the date that purchased or date of transaction will be adjusted in a returns form.LimitationsThe system cannot provide a payment using credit cards. Obviously it is more profitable to have an online ordering but probably it cannot apply them online orders. The transaction or method cannot be converted in to a computerized system and can only be done manually such as evaluating the reports or suggesting an alternate product or any decision related proble m.II.1.4 MethodologyThe proponents method in making the system is the Systems Development flavor Cycle or simply SDLC is the methodology that we used in our system. It is the development cycle designed to give much faster. To be able to accomplishthe requirements of the proposed system, the proponents decided to use the System Development Life Cycle or simply SDLC and divided the cycle into five phases. The SDLC is a phased approach to analysis and design that hold that systems are best developed through the use of a specific cycle of analyst and user activities. Although each phase is presented discretely, the proponents did not intentionally make them as separate steps instead, several(prenominal) activities may occur concurrently, and activities may be repeated, because SDLC is more useful if it is applied as phases rather than in separate steps.Planning Priorities for system and projects an architectures for data, networks, and selection hardware, and IS management are the res ult of associated systems Detailed steps, or work plan, for projectSpecification of system scope and planning and high level system requirements or features Assignment of police squad members and other resources System justification or business case.Analysis Description of current system and where problems or opportunities are with a general recommendation on how to fix, enhance, or replace current system Explain of alterative systems and justification for chosen alterativeDesign Functional, detailed specifications of all system elements (data, processes, inputs, and outputs) Technical, detailed specification of all system elements (programs, files, network, system, software, etc.).Implementation Code, documentation, procreation procedures, and support capabilities.Maintenance New version or releases of software with associated updates to documentation, training, and support.

Nestle Market Research

Introduction In this search fly the coop the club chosen is draw near. We have tried to c everywhere the brief floor of the company, vision, mission and objectives of the company. This brief history and different sub heading chthonian company background is compulsory to be understood and researched intimately as they form the basis for merchandise plan of the company. We have as well tried to obscure the intrinsic and external environments for the company and countries for its future rowth and further foodstuffing planning strategy Analysis 1. approach universal 1. 1. Overview of near All over the planet, people know cuddle. approach is a Swiss multinational edibleal and health-related consumer goods company headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland. It is the largest food company in the world measured by revenues among the worlds 40 largest corporations. go up was founded in 1867 by Henri clutch. Its international RampD network supports the products made in more than than 500 factories in 86 countries.The near factories be operating in the region of 1. Africa 2. America 3. Asia 4. atomic number 63 5. Oceania Being a company dedicated to food from the beginning, nose remains sensitive to culinary and consume habits, and responds to specific nutritional problems, whilst also setting and matching new trends such(prenominal)(prenominal) as growing out-of-home utilisation and caring about the well being of its consumers Nestles Philosophy Good Food, Good lifespan is the very essence of Nestle and this philosophy can be traced back to our beginnings. 1. 2. Nestles VisionThe Nestle global vision is to be the leading Company in health, wellness and nutrition in the world. In particular, they envision to * Meet the of necessity of consumers of every age group from infancy to old age, for nutrition and pleasure, by dint of development of a large variety of food categories of the high upest timberland. * Lead an extremely motivated and profession ally learn manpower, which would drive growth through with(predicate) innovation and renovation. * Deliver shargonholder tax through profit commensurate long growth, while continuing to play a significant and responsible role in the ocial, economic and environmental sectors of the country. s * Nestle brands ar the preferred choice in their categories. Consumer insight drives all aspects of Nestles marketing and confabulation efforts. 1. 3. Nestles Mission Nestles mission, in the words of our violate Henri Nestle, is Nestle is dedicated to providing the best foods to people throughout their day, throughout their lives, throughout the world. With our unique experience of anticipating consumers needs and creating solutions, Nestle contributes to your well-being and enhances your quality of life. 1. 4. Nestles Objectives Nestles objectives ar to be recognised as a leading, competitive, Nutrition, Health and Wellness Company trusted by all its stakeholders, and to be the inform ant for financial performance in its industry. Its chief objectives are * To achieve compatibility with international voluntary standards on environmental management systems. * To habitus mutual trust with consumers, governmental authorities and line of merchandise partners. * To see continuous advance of Nestles environmental performance. Conservation of natural resources and minimization of waste. * Total compliance with the laws. * To establish the benchmark for good business practice. * Employing new technologies and processing. By committing to resources, both human and financial. Measuring the cost and benefits to business of its activities 1. 5. Product mix of Nestle Baby foods Cerelac, Gerber, Gerber Graduates, NaturNes, Nestum Bottled pissing Nestle Pure Life, Perrier, Poland Spring, S.Pellegrino Cereals Chocapic, Cini Minis, Cookie Crisp, Estrelitas, Fitness, Nesquik Cereal Chocolate & Confectionery Aero, Butterfinger, Cailler, Crunch, getup Kat, Orion, Smarties, Wonka Coffee Nescafe, Nescafe 3 in 1, Nescafe Cappuccino, Nescafe Classic, Nescafe Decaff, Nescafe Dolce Gusto, Nescafe Gold, Nespresso Culinary,chilled and cold food Buitoni, Herta, Hot Pockets, Lean Cuisine, Maggi, Stouffers, Thomy Dairy Carnation, Coffee-Mate, La Laitiere, Nido Drinks Juicy Juice, Milo, Nesquik, NesteaFood service Chef, Chef-Mate, Maggi, Milo, Minors, Nescafe, Nestea, Sjora, Lean Cuisine, Stouffers Health pity nutrition Boost, Nutren Junior, Peptamen, Resource Ice thrash about Dreyers, Extreme, Haagen-Dazs, Movenpick, Nestle Ice Cream Pet care Alpo, Bakers Complete, Beneful, Cat Chow, Chef Michaels Canine Creations, Dog Chow, construe Feast, Felix, Friskies, Gourmet, Purina, Purina ONE, Pro Plan Sports nutrition Power Bar Weight management Jenny Craig 2. Environment of Nestle 2. 1.Internal business environment 2. 1. 1 Managers Nestle Company is a decentralized placement that organized concord to matrix structure. Nestle Company as a decentralized organiza tion allows its subordinate organizations to enjoy a relatively high-level of autonomy. Although it still makes major strategy decisions at the headquarter level, daily operations are left(p) up to subordinate organizations to derive and implement. The responsibility for operating decisions is pushed down to topical anesthetic units.Nestle has a strong enlighten management team which runs on strong values and principles of the company. The efficient top management of the company is able to run finance, operation, marketing, logistics, sales, and research and development departments with great success which ultimately leads to the effectment of the goal of the organization. Senior members are of diverse origins and backgrounds. * dining table of Directors The bill of Directors is the ultimate governing body of the Company. It is responsible for the ultimate supervision of the Group.The Board attends to all matters which are non reserved for the Annual General Meeting or anoth er government activity body of the Company by law, the Articles of Association or specific regulations issued by the Board of Directors. * chairman The Chairman has the right to represent the organization to implement the companys rights and obligations, take responsibility to the law and the owners of the organization about the rights and duties are assigned, strategizing development plans of the company and organization those through the decision of the Board. CEO The Board of Directors delegates to the CEO, with the warrant to sub delegate, the power to manage the Companys and the Group are business, subject to law, the Articles of Association and the Regulations of the Board of Directors. The CEO chairs the decision maker Board and delegates to its members individually the powers necessary for carrying out their responsibilities, within the limits fixed in the Executive Boards Regulations. 2. 1. 2. EmployeesThe Nestle team comprises around 328,000 employees, 29% are based in Europe, 33. 6% in the Americas and 37. 4% in Asia, Oceania and Africa. Their challenge is to combine strategic corporate leadership with strong, responsive local leadership to achieve consistent high levels of performance and corporate responsibility across their business Nestle has a rich working culture which motivates its employees to serve best to its guests with the help of the variety present in their product range.Nestle has included the benefits of the employees in the goal statement of the organization as the management of the company potently believe that the productivity, quality and the dependability leave reflect on the product moreover if the employees take care of all these factors. Different departments of the company work to contribute in the growth of the organization and these departments not only keep the customers needs and demand in mind but also keep the same part of attention for the internal customers of Nestle.The company believes if the internal mark et of the company is fully satisfied, the internal market will be able to serve to its customers and able to understand their needs and able to manufacture the products which can fulfill these needs 2. 2. External environment 2. 2. 1. Customers The immediate customers of Nestle are sell and grocery stores which provide the products of the company to the end customers at a reasonable price and a reasonable profit.The end customers of Nestle are the consumers who consume its wide range of product. The company has a bright brand image in its capacious pool of end customers. Nestle has an elongated marketing network to word form out the target customers, it has marketing specialist to understand the market place and the customer needs, secondly to is spending a lot to figure out the customers preferences regarding the substitutes of its products in order to bring the customers on board and retain them.Nestle has an extensive market share, due to the reason that its customers are br and loyal and do not compromise over quality and same is the case with the companys quality assurance (QA) team. One of the principle strategies that Nestle utilizes is to produce differentiated products for each age group in order to get a high market share and preferences over others. 2. 2. 2. Suppliers Suppliers provide the resources like cranch and material resources to produce goods and services. They add to customer overall value delivery system. constancy supplies include handling of * Quantity of labor * Quality of labor * Labor strikes * Labor relations Material supplies deals with the * Quantity of material * Quality of material * Price of material * constancy of material in go downs * Delivery delays Nestle efficiently handles the quality, quantity, price and stability of both material and labor supplies. heed maps out the strategies for labor strikes, supply shortages and delays to avoid increasing the cost of proceeds, which can badly affect sales in short run and c ustomer satisfaction in long run. . 2. 3. Competitors Competitors also play a vital role in effecting the way in which the organization operates, competitors are basically the rival firms in the same market which is providing the same product in the case of Nestle the are many competitors since in that location is a wide range of products offered by Nestle Nestles largest international competitors are Kraft Foods, Unilever and Mars Incorporated. It also faces competition in local markets or specific product ranges from numerous companies, including Sara Lee and DanoneNescafe is one of the world-famous brands of Nestle with a long history of development and illustrious reputation. Therefore we choose this brand to go deeper abstract of its production as well as its statistical distribution. 3. Input and output 3. 1. Inputs 3. 1. 1. Raw material Coffee beans and water are the basic ingredients used to make coffee berry, but there are as many ship canal to make coffee as there are c offee drinkers. All Nescafe coffees are made of atomic number 6% pure coffee beans. The only exceptions are our ready-made coffee mixes and mixtures. They contain other ingredients such as whitener and sugar, which are commonly added to coffee.Raw materials are selected from the freshest coffee beans through the production process with the highest quality standards, decent roasted to keep the aroma of coffee are naturally charming 3. 1. 2. Labor Teams of professional cooking and testing are well trained. The sensitive senses of coffee experts allow them to recognize the best qualities as grinding, roast and tasting raw materials. 3. 1. 3. Technology The company also has modern production applied science and strictly quality control system in all stages of production. 3. 2. Outputs 3. 2. 1. Nescafes productsNescafe products include Nescafe Original, Nescafe Classic, Nescafe Clasico, Nescafe Gold Blend, Nescafe Black Gold, Nescafe Special Filtre (in France), cafe Parisien (The Par is experience), Nescafe Allen, Nescafe Espresso, Nescafe Red Cup, Nescafe Blend to name just a few. 3. 2. 2. Distribution Nescafe also be communicated under Nestles distribution system with the 2 major channels of distribution Traditional distribution channels and Modern distribution channels. * Traditional distribution channels (grocery) Organize the sales staff to distribute products to individual households through market channels & shop. Modern distribution channels (key account) Deliver goods to consumers through supermarket, metro or distribution chain system. Furthermore Nestle is currently holding Out Of stand (OOH) distribution channel such as restaurants, toothsomeels, at-work, factories, etc There are specific products for this channel to cater fully for the professional chef, a full merchandise to cater to the world standard hotel as 5 mavin hotels or the high-rate corporate office called NESTLE PROFESSIONAL separate distribution. 3. 3. Research for production of Nescafe-Nestle in VietnamTo look into a large output power, the company must be combined with the Vietnamese government to build long-term plan for raw materials to ensure the production of the company. Build strategic Materials areas by combining with fertiliser companies and agricultural extension centers to sign a contract directly with farmers. Furthermore, collaborate with scientists and local authorities in the provinces of Dak Lak, Lam Dong and Dong Nai-the key coffee growing regions in Vietnam- to build the pattern farm, offering new varieties of high yield and send some Vietnamese scientists to some Center of research and development in developing countries.Regarding technology, the big companies like Nestle will find advanced technology in the world to ensure that few workers record the highest results. Moreover, the company will provide technical tending to coffee growers so that they can provide better quality and have higher income About labor at the factory the com pany will cooperate with Vietnamese Ministry of Labor to learn about the workforce in Vietnam or the company will cooperate with the local center for workers promotion or the adjoin areas to make sure human resources are available if the company needs.The company will have a separate department to do this. 4. Manufacturing process * Harvesting It all starts on the plantations, where farmers tend to the coffee plants and result the coffee cherries, usually by hand. The next thing they have to do is separate the bean from the outside shell of the cherry. This is done either by juicelessing the beans in the sun or by washing them in a pulping machine before drying them. * Drying To get at the coffee beans inside each cherry, the beans need to be separated from the skin, pulpa and parchment.This is achieved by drying the cherries under the sun or by soaking the cherries in hot water. The dry beans have a greenish tinge and are therefore known as green beans. They are usually exporte d for blending and roasting. By combining different types of beans you can give the resulting coffee a more rounded taste. Once you have the right blend of beans, the most important phase of coffee production begins the roasting * roast Once the green coffee beans have been selected, the beans need to be roasted to squirt the aroma and taste we know as coffee. In fact, this important rocess is one of the most fundamental parts in producing the flavorful taste and rich aroma of NESCAFE coffees. During roasting, the coffee beans expand and change in color. They drama to yellow once they absorb heat and then to brown as the beans lose their water content. The beans bend dexter darker as they release their oils, giving the coffee its flavor. Depending on the roasting equipment and the desired flavor of the coffee, green beans are roasted at between 180C and 240C for between three and fifteen minutes. * crunch After roasting, the beans are ready for grinding.The particle size of the grind whether coarse or medium, fine or very fine depends on the brewing method and equipment used. Grinding increases the surface area of the coffee, allowing the flavor to be extracted more easily. * Processing To make NESCAFE Pure Soluble Coffee, the ground coffee is put into an industrial percolator containing hot water under pressure to brew a highly concentrated liquid coffee, called coffee liquor. The coffee liquor is then spray dried by passing it through a continuous rain cats and dogs of hot air, changing it into fine particles.This is the process for making NESCAFE CLASSIC coffee. Alternatively, the coffee liquor is snap frozen and then ground into the required particle size. The particles are suspended in a vacuum turn over with low heat, causing ice crystals to form and leaving particles of freeze-dried NESCAFE GOLD coffee. 5. Marketing strategy for Nescafe in Vietnam 5. 1. Price Launch several product lines aimed at the large and diverse division of the market. Each segment has different product lines with reasonable price and can be accepted but still ensure high quality. For classes of consumers with high incomes and interested in quality the Nescafe Gold, Premium with higher prices and higher quality compared to other common products * For classes of consumers with average incomes a large segment with Blend 43, Mild Roast, Espresso products consumers receive economic benefits as well as product quality. * For young people new product such as latte with the relative prices. Deploy promotions, discounts to attract customers and increase purchasing power 5. 2. PlaceBuild strong distribution network with distributors and retailers to cover the market with high density. Develop the retail system to ensure the companys products are available to serve customers retail outlets at premier sites e. g. Bus stand, Railway station Implement incentive policy about price and commission to agents to encourage them to introduce and offer products to custo mers at the reasonable price. Other than that, Nestle can put their vending machine in a place that always full of people such as shopping mall, airport, hospital, school and any other place.Associate with supermarkets and shopping centers by opening sophisticated parlors with more value added services improve the area, type and number of the companys products here. Expand promoting trade into neighboring countries such as Laos, Cambodia, west Asia countries, where Nestles products are not available or do not meet the requirements. 5. 3. Promotion Take advantages of company such as brand reputation, quality products to increase market share Use mass media to advertise products to consumers * TV commercial * Magazine and newspaper advertizing * ordinary event * Online advertizing Social networking Use other form of advertising such as non-media communication or advertising. Some of the ways are participating exhibitions, sponsorship activities, public relations and sales promotion s uch as giving freebies with good or reduced price Construct showrooms to introduce the companys products and distribute sample products to the customers. Intensify customer care service by holding seminars about nutrition and healthiness, informing customer about Nestles products. References * Jafaa, M. S. (2009) Nestle Marketing strategy for Marketing discipline Nestle Milo online.Publication 25 November 2009 accessed 16 June 2012. Available from http//www. scribd. com/doc/26214574/5/Nestle-Marketing-strategy * Brabeck, P. (2011) Nestle Malaysia Marketing dodge online. Publication 8 March 2011 accessed 16 June 2012. Available from http//www. allfreepapers. com/print/Nestle-Malaysia-Marketing-Strategy/1020. html * Aziz, M. K. (2009) Marketing Management Strategies of Nestle online. Publication 20 May 2009 accessed 18 June 2012. Available from http//www. scribd. com/doc/61960026/Nestle * Nescafe (2008) Coffee Production online.Publication 18 December 2008 accessed 19 June 2012. Ava ilable from http//www. nescafe. co. uk/coffee_production_en_co_uk. axcms * Khan, S. A. (2011) TQM 2nd Assignment on Nestle online. Publication 16 February 2011 accessed 21 June 2012. Available from http//www. scribd. com/doc/86194068/TQM-2nd-Assignment-on-Nestle * Nestle (no date) Mission and Vision online. Vavey, Switzerland Nestle accessed 21 June 2012. Available from http//www. Nestle. co. za/aboutus/Pages/MissionVision. aspx * Nescafe (no date) Coffee Roasting online. Vavey, Switzerland Nestle accessed 21 June 2012.Available from http//www. nescafe. com/coffee_roasting_en_com. axcms * Nescafe (no date) Coffee Ingredients online. Vavey, Switzerland Nestle accessed 21 June 2012. Available from http//www. nescafe. com/coffee_ingredients_en_com. axcms * Nestle (2011) Nescafe online. United Kingdom Nestle UK accessed 21 June 2012. Available from http//www. Nestle. co. uk/brands/coffee/Pages/Coffee. aspx * Nescafe (2011) Corp Governance Report 2011 online. Vavey, Switzerland Nestle ac cessed 23 June 2012. Available from http//www. Nestle. com/Media/Reports/Pages/Reports. aspx.

Advanced Practice Nurse and United Kingdom Essay

IntroductionThe roles of the APRN argon continuously evolving. From the early 1960s to inclose day, advanced work defys continue to rise to meet the needs of our communities and abroad. As the number of nurse practitioner-advanced physical exercise nurses (NP-APNs) on a steady incline, the various barriers in defining their roles in the US as considerably as internationally has limited their ability to function at their full potential. As discussed in An transnational Survey on Advanced Practice Nursing Education, Practice, and Regulation (Pulcini, Jelic, Gul & Loke, 2009), NP-APN nomenclature, scope of employ and education are factors in the development of the roles of APRNs internationally.NP-APN NomenclatureThe linked States and United kingdom two utilize the title of nurse practitioner however, other countries, such as South Korea, Singapore, and Switzerland continue to use the title advanced practice nurse (Pulcini, Jelic, Gul & Loke, 2009). This can lead to confusion on the part of the patient and family member who may not be familiar with the role of the advanced practice nurse in the clinical setting. Also, the authors state that the United Kingdom uses the terms specialist and NP interchangeably. agree to Pulcini et al (2009), This interchange of terms most lots occurs when the nurse who has specialized knowledge in a certain area has a advanced practice title (p. 32).Scope of PracticeAs mentioned by Joel (2009), The degree of autonomy afforded to APNs varies from country to country, and even indoors the country (p.76). The NP-APN scope of practice includes advanced health assessment, diagnosis, disease management, health education and promotion, referral ability, prescribing diagnostic procedures, medications and interposition plans, admitting and discharging privileges, patient caseload management, collaborative practice, evaluation of healthcare services, and research (Pulcini, Jelic, Gul & Loke, 2009). The United Kingdom and United St ates have similarities in their origins.Both were established to help meet the needs of the rural and underserved areas as well as the overall population. In the United Kingdom, NPs were utilized as the first level of care for patient triage and in elemental care (Pulcini, Jelic, Gul & Loke, 2009). Another similarity is their prescriptive rights in both the US and the UK. According to Joel, The move, originating in England, to change nurses to undergo a specified nonmedical prescribing program has resulted in over 10,000 nurses who are now classed as free-lance prescribers, and as a consequence, can prescribe almost everything from the British National Formulary (p.90).Educational RequirementsAs in many professions, education is the key element to being successful and productive. The standard educational emergency for NPs in the United States in a pros level degree however in the United Kingdom is still trying to adopt a masters level program. According to Pulcini et al (2009) , While the Royal College of nursing in the United Kingdom has developed a masters curriculum for NP education, universities are not obliged to adopt it (p.33). Furthermore, NP courses are both offered at the baccalaureate and masters level in the UK.ConclusionThe United States and United Kingdom have numerous similarities and differences in the roles of the APRNs. In the future, these roles will continue to evolve to meet the needs of the community.

Are Modern Sitcoms Too Controversial

With like a shots society universe untold more open and accepting about many different topics, the material content utilise as entertainment in many comedies is becoming more and more polemic. Popular television shows such(prenominal) as Absolutely Fabulous, Family laugh at and American Dad are consistently proving that jokes focusing on blue(a) topics such as abortion, religion, alcohol and drug abuse, sexism, racism and even the subject of disabilities are more entertain and therefore, despite some audiences watching these shows in horror, they are becoming more and more socially acceptable. enjoyment of the past was rather held back off when compared to what is on television today. This raises the question, are modern comedy sitcoms likewise controversial? In 1992, the BBC aired the British comedy Absolutely Fabulous, introducing viewers to two of the most self-indulgent and autocratic women to have ever graced our television screens. This show which was created by the w onderful Jennifer Saunders, focused on two champagne-swigging, chain-smoking, abysmally past-their-prime characters Edina Monsoon and Patsy Stone.These two characters made popping pills, drink driving and harassing Edinas straight laced little girl a regular occurrence. Socially, if these characters were real people, their crazy antics would not be accepted within todays society. This hilarious show however, has won its creator two BAFTA awards, seven Emmy awards and three British harlequinade Awards (The Coffee Junkie, WordPress 2010). Animated comedys controversial material as exemplified by Family Guy and American Dad both of which were created by Seth Macfarlane, continue to push the boundaries due to the profanities, animated nudity, racism, sexism, Nazism, violence, abortion and close to every other risque topic one could possibly think of, referenced in these shows. Family Guy is one of the most controversial television shows currently on the air, and due to the nature o f its material, complaints were made resulting in the show being cancelled.This show was cancelled not once however, but twice. Family Guy has been subject to much criticism, especially over its handling of sensitive issues such as HIV / AIDS and Down Syndrome, however, later on extremely strong petitioning from such a large fan base, TV Executives put the show back on air, not wanting to risk losing such a large following. The result of this then provides the exhibit that offensive humour is the key to a modern comedys success.Entertainment of the past has dramatically been transformed to suit the tastes of todays audience. Creators are favouring television shows which constantly push the boundaries of political correctness. Society, it appears, is nowa eld more than happy to welcome this extremely cheeky form of entertainment into their homes. Gone are the days of sitting around the coffee table with TV dinners on your lap, watching shows such as Family Ties or Full House with the entire family.So the question, once again, has been raised as to whether comedy sitcoms are too controversial and in this day and age, it would seem that to find this form of humour offensive is considered prudish. In dictate to succeed, one must be at least one step ahead. Therefore, with societys views on such topics easing up, entertainment must change as well. These shows may be extremely controversial, and ordain continue to be so. Just keep in mind that a good laugh has neer done anyone any harm.